Answer:
1. Inhibiting IP3 channels, leading to decreased Ca2 in the sarcoplasm and reduced contraction.
2. Increasing the relative activity of MLCP, leading to a decrease in tension.
3. Activating K channels, increasing K leaking out of the cell which hyperpolarizes it and decreases the likelihood of Ca2 entry.
Explanation
In smooth muscle, cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates relaxation because cAMP inhibits a specific kinase required for myosin light chain protein (MLCP) phosphorylation, thereby triggering contraction in the smooth muscles. It has been shown that cAMP inhibits 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent calcium ions (Ca 2+) release by activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). PKG proteins act to modulate Ca2+ oscillations by stimulating sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase membrane proteins, increasing Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and Ca2+ efflux from the cells, and activate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, thereby leading to membrane hyperpolarization and reducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels.
Of the three pathways for obtaining ATP for muscle contraction , the aerobic respiration requires oxygen .
<h3>
What is respiration ?</h3>
Respiration is a biochemical process as well as a catabolic process by which food molecules are oxidised to liberate chemical energy in a step-wise process .Respiration is an energy liberating process . the energy released due to the process is temporarily stored as chemical energy in the form of ATP molecules.
Respiration are of two types ,these are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration .
Aerobic respiration :when food is oxidised using molecular oxygen is called aerobic respiration .38 molecules of ATP is available in the process. it occurs in both cytoplasm and mitochondria . food molecule is completely oxidised and carbon dioxide is released as by-product. example : in most of plants and animals .
Anaerobic respiration : when food is oxidised without using molecular oxygen called anaerobic respiration . 2 molecules of ATP is available in the process .it occurs in the cytoplasm .example : bacteria , yeast , mammalian RBC ,muscle tissue .
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate is called the energy currency of the cell . it is a organic compound composed of the phosphate groups ,adenine and the sugar ribose .the molecules provides energy for various biochemical processes in the body . therefore , it is called the energy currency of the cell .
Learn more about respiration here :
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<span>Palm trees reproduce from seed cones. Land plants are considered bryophyte because they do not have vascular tissue and are called non-vascular plants. Some do have special tissue to be able to transport water but because they don't contain lignin, it it's not considered to be a vascular tissue.</span>
Answer:
It would block the generation of action potential in the motor neurons
Explanation:
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a toxic compound found in the Pufferfish which could affect the neuronal signalling in the humans.
The tetrodotoxin binds to the sodium channels present in the motor neurons in the soma region of the neuron where the binding of the tetrodotoxin to the sodium channels inhibits the inward flow of the sodium ions. The reduction in the influx of sodium ions does not change the depolarization of the cell membrane and hence action potential is not generated in the motor neuron.
Thus, It would block the generation of the action potential in the motor neurons is the correct answer.
