Answer:
Molecules which move against the concentration gradient across the cell membrane employ the mechanism of active transportation.
Explanation:
Normally, permitted molecules moves across the cell membrane of the cell by the process of diffusion and osmosis. This is used when molecules move from hypertonic region to hypotonic region (if ions) and hypotonic to hypertonic (if water). This is a passive transportation which do not require the expense of energy from the cell.
In contrast, when molecules move in or out of the cell against their concentration gradient, that is ions moving from hypotonic region to hypertonic region, they implore the expense of energy in form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the involvement of the membrane carrier proteins. This is called active transport.
First thing to remember is that interphase is a stage associated with replication of DNA, and growth.
Once meiosis starts, the purpose is to produce a haploid gamete. So there is no further need of replication or growth.
Answer: Clathrin cages assemble, vesicles form but cannot be pinched of but no disassembly occurs so the vesicles remain coated in clathrin.
Explanation:
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that allows the introduction of extracellular material into the cell. Clathrin-coated vesicles act to incorporate different molecules that are recognized by specific proteins located in the clathrin-coated pits. Upon invagination of a portion of the plasma membrane, the material is transported to its final intracellular destination.
<u>Clathrin is a protein that forms the lining of cell membrane microcavities where various receptors are located. Once a particle is recognized by the receptors, invagination of the plasma membrane occurs, which then fuses to form an endocellular vesicle.</u> When vesicle budding occurs, the vesicle is detached from its attachment to the membrane with the help of a GTPase protein called dynamin. Then, the vesicle is freed from clathrin by the action of a type of ATP-ase called Hsp70-ATP and docks to late endosomes that are immediate precursors of lysosomes, fusing the membranes of both. The fission of the clathrin-coated vesicle is controlled by the GTPase dynamin and it has been proposed that dynamin acts by generating the necessary force to strangle the "neck" and cleave the vesicles from the membrane. So they are mainly involved in the cleavage of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cell compartment, their orientation, and their fusion with another compartment. Also, without the dynamin, vesicles are not freed from clathrin.
<u>In the absence of dynamin, vesicles are formed but the membrane fusion or pinching off will not occur. Then, invaginated coated pits will be found.</u>
Do you mean for his filmography
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<span> Before agriculture was developed people mostly were nomadic in nature. They moved from place to place in search of food. Some of them were groups of hunter gatherers as well. When agriculture started people also started to settle down in groups. This led to the development of civilization and in modern day cities and towns. The first agricultural practices were started beside the river banks due to the reason that the soil was very fertile and water for irrigation was also easily available. </span>
