Answer:
There are 3 stages. Initiation, Elongation and Termination. Read description for more information.
Explanation:
Transcription is the process in which a gene's DNA sequence is copied to make a new RNA molecule. The RNA polymerase is the main transcription enzyme for this process.
Some key facts about Transcription process:
- Transcription is the process in which a gene's DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) to make an RNA molecule.
- The RNA polymerase is the main transcription enzyme.
- Transcription starts when RNA polymerase attaches to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene. It can be connected directly or through any helper proteins.
- RNA polymerase uses one of the DNA strands (the template strand) as a template to make a new, complementary RNA molecule.
- Transcription ends in a process called termination. Termination depends on sequences in the RNA, which signal that the transcript is finished.
There are three stages of the transcription process. Those are:
- Initiation.
- Elongation.
- Termination.
Stages or Steps of Transcription are briefly described given below:
1. Initiation stage.
For beginning transcribing a gene, RNA polymerase binds to the DNA of the gene at a region called the promoter. The promoter tells the polymerase where to "sit down" on the DNA and begin transcribing. Each gene (or, in bacteria, each group of genes transcribed together) has its own promoter. A promoter contains DNA sequences that let RNA polymerase or its helper proteins attach to the DNA. Once the transcription bubble has formed, the polymerase can start transcribing. This means Transcription starts.
2.Elongation stage
Once RNA polymerase is in the position at the promoter, the next step of transcription elongation can begin. Elongation is the stage when the RNA strand gets more extended, with the help of the addition of new nucleotides.
During elongation, RNA polymerase "walks" along one strand of DNA, known as the template strand. It goes in the 3' to 5' direction. For each nucleotide in the template, RNA polymerase adds a matching RNA nucleotide to the 3' end of the RNA strand. The RNA transcript is nearly identical to the non-template, or coding, the strand of DNA. However, RNA strands have the base uracil (U) in place of thymine (T), as well as a slightly different sugar in the nucleotide.
3. Termination stage
RNA polymerase will keep transcribing until it gets signals to stop. The process of ending Transcription is called termination, and it happens once the polymerase transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator.
What happens after the Transcription:
After termination, the Transcription becomes finish. An RNA transcript becomes ready to be used in the translation process. It is called a messenger RNA (mRNA). In bacteria, RNA transcripts are ready to be translated right after Transcription. They're prepared a little sooner than that: translation may start while Transcription is still going on!