ATMOSPHERE LAYERS: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Thermosphere
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The conclusion drawn from the fact that DNA analysis of all chloroplasts reveals that they are monophyletic is Endosymbiosis of the same species of cyanobacteria occurred multiple times in cells that evolved into red, green, and brown algae.
Most scientists agree that non-photosynthetic eukaryotic hosts originally acquired photosynthetic prokaryotic endosymbionts, which led to the formation of plastids. It is also acknowledged that non-photosynthetic eukaryote hosts frequently took on photosynthetic eukaryotes as endosymbionts in order to create secondary plastids.
It is shown that primordial plastids had a single, or "monophyletic," genesis. The red, green, and glaucophyte plastids are thought to belong to a single group, either as a subgroup of oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes or as a sister group, according to the monophyletic hypothesis of plastid genesis.
Therefore,Endosymbiosis of the same species of cyanobacteria occurred multiple times in cells that evolved into red, green, and brown algae.
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<span>b. when the trait being measures is ill-defined - answer</span>
Pap smear (Papanicolau smear) is a procedure that involves swabbing the endocervix (inner part of the cervix), ectocervix (outer part of the cervix), and the vaginal walls. This smear will then be fixed and then viewed through a microscope to check for atypical cells (or cancer cells). Pap smear has a 95% sensitivity so pap smear can detect cervical carcinoma 95% of the time.
I believe the answer is: Different scientists use different data for investigation.
I say that because different scientists have different equipment, ideas, and have different methods. I hope I was right and i hope it helped and i wasn't to late to answer this question.