The correct answer is 3. No, this does not need to be reported because it is unrelated to participation in the study.
Explanation:
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in the U.S. aims at preventing and protecting the health of U.S. citizens, including participants of research studies. In these cases, the HHS provides regulations and guidelines on how to carry research without risking participants' health and well-being. Besides this, it establishes health issues during the research should be reported to the IRB or Institutional Review Board that checks conditions in research are ethical and safe.
In the case presented, it is not necessary to report this event because the heart attack is not related to the participation of the individual as the researcher was only studying the attitudes of participants towards hygiene and disease prevention, and it is highly unlikely this has caused a heart attack. This is supported by the HHS that establishes unexpected incidents during the research should be reported only if they are possibly related or in the cases, there are many possibilities the research caused the incident.
get an reasonable excuse (note) and call the employer to notify them
When new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemes.
