Answer:
<u>Biofilms are</u> defined as complex communities of microorganisms that grow embedded in a self-produced polymeric organic matrix and adhered to a living or inert surface, and that can present a single microbial species or a range of different species
Explanation:
The bacteria that form the biofilm are in what is called sessile form, exhibiting a phenotype different from those of the same cells in unicellular or free form (planktonic form) with respect to the growth rate and gene transcription (Donlan, 2002 ).
<u>
The formation</u> of biofilms is an adaptive strategy of microorganisms, since growth in biofilm offers four important advantages: (I) protects microorganisms from the action of adverse agents, (II) increases the availability of nutrients for their growth, (III) facilitates the use of water, reducing the possibility of dehydration and (IV) enables the transfer of genetic material (DNA). All of these circumstances can increase your survival capabilities. As a consequence, <u>the usual methods of disinfection or the use of antibiotics are often ineffective against biofilm bacteria</u>.
In addition to the risk of contamination, the development of biofilms can interfere with different processes and cause damage to the equipment. In drinking water systems the formation of biofilms can obstruct the pipes reducing their speed and transport capacity causing an increase in energy consumption. The formation of biofilm in heat exchangers and cooling towers can reduce heat transfer and as a consequence its efficiency in the process. The formation of persistent biofilms on metal surfaces can cause corrosion due to acid production by bacteria.
C. Matter is anything that is made of atoms and has mass.
Answer:
All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. When viewed together, these characteristics serve to define life.
Explanation:
1. Eukrayotes cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotes cells do not.
2. Eukaryotes are often multicellular whilst prokaryotes are unicellular. Although there are some exceptions –unicellular eukaryotes include amoebas, paramecium, yeast.
hope this helps!
Answer:
UNTUU HULLUM
Overfishing occurs when more fish are removed from an ecosystem than can be maintained by the population,
Overfishing can lead to significant population declines in economically important species. The passage describes
additional impacts of overfishing on populations.
pressure affects
salmon fishery of
and 1970s, pink
n this fishery were
ihile allowing
nd 1974, the
inland spawning
approximately
to spawn at the
Isted that fishing
lower growth rates
According to the passage, which mechanism explains the observed changes in fish size over time?
A. Smaller fish produce fewer eggs than larger fish do, so they contribute fewer offspring to the next
generation.
B. Fish that are small enough to escape fishing nets are more likely to survive than larger fish.
C. Scientists found that Atlantic silversides exhibited changes in feeding and foraging rates after four
generations of selection,
D. The average size of pink salmon returning to spawn decreased from 6.0 pounds to approximately 4.5
pounds.
