A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results. Where possible, theories are tested under controlled conditions in an experiment.
Answer: - 452.088joule
Explanation:
Given the following :
Mass of water = 12g
Change in temperature(Dt) = (11 - 20)°C = - 9°C
Specific heats capacity of water(c) = 4.186j/g°C
Q = mcDt
Where Q = quantity of heat
Q = 12g × 4.186j/g°C × - 9°C
Q = - 452.088joule
Answer:
Rectangular path
Solution:
As per the question:
Length, a = 4 km
Height, h = 2 km
In order to minimize the cost let us denote the side of the square bottom be 'a'
Thus the area of the bottom of the square, A = 
Let the height of the bin be 'h'
Therefore the total area, 
The cost is:
C = 2sh
Volume of the box, V =
(1)
Total cost,
(2)
From eqn (1):

Using the above value in eqn (1):


Differentiating the above eqn w.r.t 'a':

For the required solution equating the above eqn to zero:


a = 4
Also

The path in order to minimize the cost must be a rectangle.
The answer for that is True.