In rheumatoid Arthritis patients, NK cell levels were abnormally elevated, possibly due to high serum levels of IL-2.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is an autoimmune disease that means our own immune system attacks self healthy cells in the body by mistake, causing inflammation (painful swelling),mainly attacks the joints.
The given study is to investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and disease activity.
This study also showed the relationship between absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, autoantibodies, and associated cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
The results showed that the number and percentage of NK cells were positively correlated with serum IL-2 levels so, IL-2 can be a reason for elevated level of NK cells
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The bacteria must be outcompeted and substituted by bacteria that have gone this genetic factor. In addition, antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon. Once an antibiotic is used, bacteria that can fight that antibiotic have a greater chance of existence than those that are vulnerable. The vulnerable bacteria are exterminated or inhibited by an antibiotic, subsequent to a selective weight for the existence of resilient tensions of bacteria. Around opposition happens without human deed as bacteria can yield and use antibiotics in contradiction of other microorganisms, prominent to a low-level of the natural assortment of opposition to antibiotics. Though, the presently advanced points of antibiotic resilient bacteria are credited to the abuse and abuse of antibiotics.
Phylogenetic species concept (PSC) The concept of a species as an irreducible group whose members are descended from a common ancestor and who all possess a combination of certain defining, or derived, traits (see apomorphy). ... "phylogenetic species concept." A Dictionary of Biology. .
Or
The biological species concept has its limitations (although it works well for many organisms and has been very influential in the growth ofevolutionary theory). ... In thisexample, Ensatina salamander lineages A and B are separate species.Each has a common ancestor that individuals of other species do not.
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