Explanation:
Conduction is the heat transfer through a stationary matter by the physical contact.
For example, the heat transferred between electric burner of stove and bottom of pan is transferred by the process of conduction.
Convection is heat transfer by macroscopic movement of the fluid. The particles of the fluid carry the current within themselves.
For example, the water is the pot is warmed overall by heat transferred by the process of convection.
Answer:
(a) E = 0 N/C
(b) E = 0 N/C
(c) E = 7.78 x10^5 N/C
Explanation:
We are given a hollow sphere with following parameters:
Q = total charge on its surface = 23.6 μC = 23.6 x 10^-6 C
R = radius of sphere = 26.1 cm = 0.261 m
Permittivity of free space = ε0 = 8.85419 X 10−12 C²/Nm²
The formula for the electric field intensity is:
E = (1/4πεo)(Q/r²)
where, r = the distance from center of sphere where the intensity is to be found.
(a)
At the center of the sphere r = 0. Also, there is no charge inside the sphere to produce an electric field. Thus the electric field at center is zero.
<u>E = 0 N/C</u>
(b)
Since, the distance R/2 from center lies inside the sphere. Therefore, the intensity at that point will be zero, due to absence of charge inside the sphere (q = 0 C).
<u>E = 0 N/C</u>
(c)
Since, the distance of 52.2 cm is outside the circle. So, now we use the formula to calculate the Electric Field:
E = (1/4πεo)[(23.6 x 10^-6 C)/(0.522m)²]
<u>E = 7.78 x10^5 N/C</u>
Answer:
Maximum work under this condition (∆G) = Maximum work under Standard Condition (∆G°) + Activities defining this condition
Explanation:
In this equation, the term DGo provides us with a value for the maximal work we could obtain from the reaction starting with all reactants and products in their standard states, and going to equilibrium. The term DG' provides us with a value for the maximal work we could obtain under the conditions defined by the activities in the logarithmic term. The logarithmic term can be seen as modifying the value under standard conditions to account for the actual conditions. In describing the work available in metabolic processes, we are concerned with the actual conditions in the reaction medium (whether that is a test-tube, or the cell cytoplasm); the important term is therefore DG'. If we measure the actual activities (in practice, we make do with concentrations), and look up a value for DGo in a reference book, we can calculate DG' from the above equation.
Values for DGo provide a useful indication through which we can compare the relative work potential from different processes, because they refer to a standard set of conditions.
Therefore both phrases describe the Biochemical and Chemical Standard State
