Answer:
177.277amu
Explanation:
the total occuring isotopes for Hafnium is =6.
First isotope had an atomic weight of 173.940amu
Second isotope =175.941amu
Third isotope =176.943amu
Fourth isotope=177.944amu
Fifth isotope. =178.946amu
sixth isotope .179.947amu
<em>Avera</em><em>ge</em><em> </em><em>ato</em><em>mic</em><em> </em><em>wei</em><em>ght</em><em> </em><em>of</em><em> </em><em>Haf</em><em>nium</em><em>=</em><em> </em><em>sum</em><em> </em><em>of</em><em> </em><em>all</em><em> </em><em>the </em><em>atomi</em><em>c</em><em> </em><em>weights</em><em> </em><em>of</em><em> </em><em>the</em><em> </em><em>iso</em><em>topes</em><em>/</em><em> </em><em>Tota</em><em>l</em><em> </em><em>occu</em><em>ring</em><em> </em><em>isotopes</em>
Thus, 173.940amu+175.941amu+176.943amu+177.944amu+178.946amu+179.947amu.= 1063.661amu
Average atomic weight= 1063.661amu /6 = 177.2768333amu
= 177.277amu to 3 decimal places.
Gold has a heavy enough nucleus that its electrons must travel at speeds nearing the speed of light to prevent them from falling into the nucleus. This relativistic effect applies to those orbitals that have appreciable density at the nucleus, such as s and p orbitals. These relativistic electrons gain mass and as a consequence, their orbits contract. As these s and (to some degree) p orbits are contracted, the other electrons in d and f orbitals are better screened from the nucleus and their orbitals actually expand.
Since the 6s orbital with one electron is contracted, this electron is more tightly bound to the nucleus and less available for bonding with other atoms. The 4f and 5d orbitals expand, but can't be involved in bond formation since they are completely filled. This is why gold is relatively unreactive.
Hope it helps
A spund waves can travel through ALMOST everything.
