One way is they numbers both start in the hundred-thousands place
Another way is they both end in 4
Another way is they are both under 500,000
If you don't think my answers are that great try to make some up it is very simple.
100 - 45 - 20 (0.2 = 20%) - 12.5 (1/8 = 12.5%) = 22.5%
50,000 / 2500 = 20....he bought them for 20 bucks a piece. So if he wants to sell them at 15% profit, he would sell them for 20 + 0.15(20) = $ 23 bucks.
A 15% profit of 50,000 dollars is 0.15(50,000) = 7500. Plus the 50 grand spent totals 57500. So they want to make a $ 7500 profit. Selling 2500 lamps at $ 23 per lamp (2500 x 23 = 57500) makes them their profit.
I should just shut up now...answer is $ 23 per lamp
12a) yes, there will be two vanilla cupcakes left over after the baker makes ten more.