Coulomb's law mathematically is:
F = kQ₁Q₂/r²
we integrate this with respect to distance to obtain the expression for energy:
E = kQ₁Q₂/r; where k is the Coulomb's constant = 9 x 10⁹; Q are the charges, r is the seperation
Charge on proton = charge on electron = 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C
E = (9 x 10⁹ x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹) / (185 x 10⁻¹²)
E = 1.24 x 10⁻¹⁸ Joules per proton/electron pair
Number of pairs in one mole = 6.02 x 10²³
Energy = 6.02 x 10²³ x 1.24 x 10⁻¹⁸
= 746.5 kJ
Answer: I believe the 1st and 3rd reactions are better obtained through reference sources and the 2nd and 4th are easiest and safest to measure in the laboratory.
Explanation:
I am also working on this Pre-lab right now, and I looked back at the first question to help get my answer. In the first question (a), it is noted that ammonia gas and gaseous hydrochloric acid are both potentially dangerous in gaseous form. I saw that both the 1st and 3rd reactions contained noxious gases (I knew this because there was a (g) in both of these reactions). Using the knowledge from the first question that the noxious gases were potentially dangerous, I assumed that those reactions were the ones that are better obtained through the reference sources. The 2nd and 4th reactions did not contain any noxious gases, so I assumed those ones were easiest and safest to measure in the laboratory. Hope this helps!
Answer:
Explanation:
Part a
Normal Phase Chromatography
In the normal phase chromatography, the eluting power is highest for the solvent which has the highest polarity.
So from the given solvents as Methanol, Dichloromethane and Ethyl Acetate
the relative polarities are given as
Methanol=0.762
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride)=0.309
Ethyl Acetate=0.228
So the numbers are given as
Methanol :1
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride):2
Ethyl Acetate:3
Reverse Phase Chromatography
In the reverse phase chromatography, the eluting power is highest for the solvent which has the lowest polarity.
So from the given solvents as diethyl ether , water and toluene
the relative polarities are given as
Diethyl ether=0.117
Water=1.0
Toluene=0.099
So the alphabets are given as
Toluene :A
Diethyl ether: B
Water:C
<u>Answer:</u> The frequency of the radiation is 33.9 THz
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given:
Wave number of the radiation, 
Wave number is defined as the number of wavelengths per unit length.
Mathematically,

where,
= wave number = 
= wavelength of the radiation = ?
Putting values in above equation, we get:

Converting this into meters, we use the conversion factor:
1 m = 100 cm
So, 
- The relation between frequency and wavelength is given as:

where,
c = the speed of light = 
= frequency of the radiation = ?
Putting values in above equation, we get:


Converting this into tera Hertz, we use the conversion factor:

So, 
Hence, the frequency of the radiation is 33.9 THz
HCL(g) it consists of covalently molecules which are bonded and they do not ionize.
Non-polar solvent molecules do not attract molecules of HCL which cause them to be ionized.