For radioactive materials with short half-lives, you use a very sensitive calibrated detector to measure how many counts per second it is producing. Then using the exact same set up you do the same at a latter time. You use the two readings and the time between them to determine the half-life. You don’t have to wait exactly a half-life, you can do the math with any significant time difference. Also, you don’t need to know the absolute radioactivity, as long as the set up is the same you only need to know fraction by which it changed.
For radioactive materials with long half-lives that won’t work. Instead you approach the problem differently. You precisely measure the mass of a very pure sample of the radioactive material. You can use that to calculate the number of atoms in the sample. Then you put the sample in a counter that is calibrated to determine the absolute number of disintegrations happening in a given time. Now you know how many of them are disintegrating every second. You use the following equations:
Decays per Second = (Number of Atoms) x (Decay Constant)
Half-life = (Natural Log of 2) / (Decay Constant)
And you can calculate the half-life
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Your answer would be: A. because scientists use what they have to create a theory, a theory is pretty much an educated guess is what a teacher would say, the theory would need to have evidence in order for it to be an educated guess. The scientist would have to come up with an explanation in order for the theory to work, or be an educated guess.
The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on are called substrates. they temporarily bind to enzymes at specific places called active sites.
Answer:
The liver continuously filters blood that circulates through the body, converting nutrients and drugs absorbed from the digestive tract into ready-to-use chemicals. The liver performs many other important functions, such as removing toxins and other chemical waste products from the blood and readying them for excretion
Explanation:
Answer:
Birds and Dinosaurs once shared a common ancestor.
Explanation:
A common ancestor is an organism in which two or more distinct species evolved from. Those species are related through similar body structures and behaviors.