I have three answers but number of cell types ,genomic size , and number of genes
Regurgitation influences the flow of blood by mixing the oxygen-poor blood with the oxygen-rich blood. Due to this, the heart has to pump more to oxygenate the entire body, leading to the rapid, and fluttering heartbeat. The tissues get oxygenated but regurgitation could be fatal, as the heart cannot function overtime forever.
Valve prolapse influences the flow of blood when the flow of blood backs up. This leads to an irregular or racing heartbeat. Even at certain occasions, the blood can flow back to the lungs. However, there is not a huge influence in the oxygenation of the body tissues.
Stenosis makes the ventricles to pump overtime to get enough blood through, and in the process, the ventricles thicken. This functions for a while, however, it will result in heart failure as the heart cannot do it for entire life. The tissues are oxygenated, but it will be an issue due to overtime.
Maybe it <span>uses a hooked shoot to protect the sprout tip from damage, but I may be wrong. Hope this helps!</span>
A substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs, in particular.
• the surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains it's nourishment.
• the substance on which an enzyme acts.
Most fish exchange gases using gills<span> on either side of the </span>pharynx<span> (throat). Gills are tissues which consist of threadlike protein structures called </span>filaments. These filaments have many functions including the transfer of ions and water, as well as the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids and ammonia.<span>Each filament contains a </span>capillary<span> network that provides a large </span>surface area<span> for exchanging </span>oxygen<span> and </span>carbon dioxide<span>. Fish exchange gases by pulling oxygen-rich water through their mouths and pumping it over their gills. In some fish, capillary blood flows in the opposite direction to the water, causing </span>countercurrent exchange<span>. The gills push the oxygen-poor water out through openings in the sides of the pharynx. Some fish, like </span>sharks<span> and </span>lampreys<span>, possess multiple gill openings.</span>
