As an x-ray tube ages, the inside can become coated with tungsten, which can cause arcing in the tube.
When there is a short circuit inside the tube, usually from the cathode to the tube envelope, tube arcing happens. A brief loss of x-ray output and a localised artefact are the consequences. On transaxial computed tomography (CT) scans, it appears as a near-parallel, equidistant streak pattern, and on coronal and sagittal CT images, as a "horizontal" hypodense band.
The most frequent cause of x-ray tube failure is an inability to effectively disperse the heat produced during routine operation. It is common knowledge that at the anode target, heat accounts for 99% or more of the kinetic energy given to the electron beam.
Therefore, an x-ray tube ages, the inside can become coated with tungsten, which can cause arcing in the tube.
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Answer:
Since this question has multiple subquestions in it, I will give you the answer to them as follows:
1. Which neuron would activate a muscle? They are called multipolar neurons, they are found mostly originating from the CNS itself and they are multipolar because when a neuron stimulates a muscle, one signal from just one terminal is not enough; it requires the stimulation from several neurnal terminals.
2. Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye? A bipolar neuron. This is because these neurons will fulfill a double function: to activate the muscles of the retina, and also they will convey messages taken by the sense of sight, towards the brain for interpretation and integration.
3. Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc? The answer again is a unipolar neuron. These neurons will not reach the brain itself, but rather the reflex arc site on the spinal cord. Their task is to relay sensations from the site that has been stimulated to the spinal cord and from there to the affected place, with the correct response.
4. Which neuron is never myelinated? Again the answer is the bipolar neurons found connecting the retina and the eyes. The reason is that these neurons are capable of relying fast messages to and from the brain, whereas in myelinated ones, messages go slower due to the myeling sheaths.
5. Which neuron is typically involved in the special senses of sight and smell? Once more the answer is the bipolar neurons that are most commonly found connecting the different organs of these two senses. Since these have such unique capabilities: relying information for integration and sensory and motor responses, their action potentials travel fast, and have a short distance to go.
Answer:
Rostral
Explanation:
according to google rostral means: situated or occurring near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth or (in an embryo) near the hypophyseal region
Answer:
The best answer to your question: Which type of neuroglia would play a role in controlling glutamate levels in the chemical environment, would be: Astrocytes.
Explanation:
From among the neuroglia, or support cells in the brain, whose purpose is to aid neurons in their different functions, astrocytes are not just one of the most numerous, but also one of the most vital for neuronal support. Amongst one of their most central functions is to help in the control of neurotransmitter emition and retention in the synaptic cleft, between two communicating neurons, and therefore, helps regulate the responses from post-synaptic, and pre-synaptic neurons. It is also responsible for clearing up the presence of ions in the extracellular space, and producing ATP, which regulates the amount of neurotransmitters that are released, and taken, by pre-synaptic, and post-synaptic neurons.
In ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) the issue with glutamate, a neurotransmitter that excites post-synaptic neurons into releasing excess amounts of calcium, is that this hyper-excitatory response leads neurons, particularly motor neurons, to die, and this is what causes ALS. It has been found through research that astrocytes have to do in this process, but it is not clear yet whether there is a failure in their control system, as ALS is still a condition that is very much under study and still without a cure.
Answer:
The control group is defined as the group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.
