I don’t speak you language
This one is D- “Viet, who desperately needed an idea for his paper, had a moment of brilliance at lunchtime.”
It would be B by exporting more tobacco crops
Answer: negative reinforcement by escape
Explanation: Negative reinforcement occurs when a disliked or aversive stimulus is prevented or altered or stopped. The scenario above describes negative reinforcement by escape which means that an aversive, unwanted or disliked event is removed after it has occurred. Escape is a negative reinforcement and occurs when the aversive stimulus has occurred before being removed. In the context above, Tom was only able to prevent his loss after it has occurred, meaning an escape negative reinforcement.
B. Separate themselves from those who were unlike them.