I would say the answer to your question is C) primary succession,because p<span>rimary succession begins on rock formations, such as volcanoes or mountains, or in a place with no organisms or soil. </span>
Answer:
C4 plants—including maize, sugarcane, and sorghum—avoid photorespiration by using another enzyme called PEP during the first step of carbon fixation. ... PEP fixes carbon dioxide into a four-carbon molecule, called malate, that is transported to the deeper bundle sheath cells that contain Rubisco.
Explanation:
I believe it's lactic acid and energy.
1, 2, and 3 all apply.
Hope this helps!! (If not sorry!)