The cytoplasm that surronds the nucleus of a neuron is called the <em>perikaryon</em>.
I believe the part of the cell theory you can use to refute his claim is that cells are the smallest unit of life and more importantly that all cells come from other living cells.
I am pretty sure that it is in the prophase
That would be when the creator, Georges de Mestral, a Swiss engineer who, in 1941 went for a walk in the woods and wondered if the burrs that clung to his trousers could be turned into something useful, which inspired Velcro! Hope this helps