Answer:
The colonies are carrying the resistance genes from plasmids
Explanation:
Bacteria can acquire beneficial characteristics that they didn’t have. One way for these is through plasmids, which ones are little fragments of DNA that usually contains resistance genes (for antibiotics, disinfectants, heavy metals, etc.) or other capacities, like the ability to use some substances (for example sugars).
In this specific situation, we already know that the plasmid carrying genes for tetracycline resistance and the <em>lacZ</em> gene.
A little explanation:
Tetracycline is an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth and kills the bacteria. The bacteria can “fight” to this antibiotic if it has a resistant gene, the result is that the antibiotic can’t affect the bacteria and survive. An analogy is like a Police Officer (bacteria) that have a bulletproof vest (tetracycline-resistant gene) so the bullets (tetracycline) didn’t affect the police.
In the case of X-gal, is a compound consisting primarily in one sugar called galactose. Not all bacteria can eat galactose, they need an enzyme called β- galactosidase (comes from <em>lacZ</em> gene) that helps the bacteria “eat” the sugar (cuts the sugar in little pieces so the bacteria can eat).
Then, as the bacterial colonies can grow in the medium with tetracycline and X-gal, we know that those bacteria are carrying the resistance genes for tetracycline (does not affect the bacteria) and the <em>lacZ</em> gene (bacteria produce β- galactosidase that cuts galactose). These genes are coming from the plasmids because we already know that the plasmid carries these genes and not from the exogenous DNA.
The Outline of the top-down effects on bacteria in the four mesocosms is
- Zooplankton is bacterivores that help keep bacteria populations in Check.
- Ingestion of zooplankton by fish leads to a rise in bacteria levels.
<h3>What are
mesocosms?</h3>
Generally, mesocosms are defined as any outdoor experimental system that investigates the natural environment in a controlled setting and may be thought of as a mesocosm.
In conclusion, Overview of top-down influences on bacterial growth in four mesocosms
To put it another way, zooplankton is bacterivores that play a role in maintaining a healthy bacterial balance.
Fish-eating zooplankton may cause an increase in bacteria in the water.
Read more about mesocosms
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Answer:
takes place in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and in nucleus in eukaryotes.
Explanation: