What is the term for a chemical symbol of an element surrounded by a dot representing each valence electron?
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D. Same energy level but different sublevel.
<h3>Explanation</h3>There are four quantum numbers [1]:
- <em>n</em><em>, </em>the principal quantum number,
- <em>l</em>, the orbital angular momentum quantum number,
- <em>
</em>, the magnetic quantum number, and
- <em>
</em>, the electron spin quantum number.
As their names might suggest:
- <em>n </em>determines the main energy level of an electron.
- <em>l</em> determines the type of sublevel of an electron.
- Each sublevel might contain more than one orbital. <em>
- Each orbital contains up to two electrons. <em>
The two electrons in question come from the same atom. The question suggests that they have the same <em>n</em>, <em></em>, and <em>
</em>. As a result, both electrons are in main energy level <em>n</em> = 3. They share the same spin.
However, the two electrons differ in their value of <em>l</em>.
- <em>l </em>= 2 for the first electron. It belongs to a <em>d</em> sublevel.
- <em>l </em>= 1 for the second electron. It belongs to a <em>p</em> sublevel.
[1] Kamenko, Anastasiya, et. al, "Quantum Numbers", Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry Libretexts, 24 Mar 2017.