<u>Answer:</u>
Australia has invested in capital goods, so their standard of living and GDP increasing is true.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- Capital goods are goods or objects that is used to produce other good or objects. Examples are buildings, furniture etc.,
- GDP measures the economic activity of the country.
- Investing in these goods has led to the "average household net-adjusted disposable income per capita as USD 32,759 a year", this increased the standard of living and resulted Australia as 'one of the highest' in the world.
Answer:
According to Dr. Ray Schiling (member of the American Academy of Anti-aging medicine) about 1.5 million people suffer from peanut allergies. The seeds of peanut (<em>Arachis hypogea</em>) contain an array of allergens that can induce the production of IgE specific antibodies predisposed individuals. Ara1 and Ara2 are most common seed storage protein that cause allergy. Other allergen proteins such as Ara3 to Ara 17 have also been identified that cause allergy.
Entry of peanut allergen into body
When peanut allergens enter the body of an individuals it leads to development of different symptoms like itchy skin, tingling sensation, nausea, runny nose and anaphylaxis.
Allergic response
There are two subsets of T-cells Th1 and Th2. Both invoke different response to allergens. Th1 direct a non-allergic response while Th2 direct allergic response ranging from releasing of histamine to anaphylactic response. The presence of IL-12 cytokines direct a Th1 based, nonspecific response.
Mechanism of allergic response (interaction between helper T cell and B cell)
Step 1.
When allergen enter to body they are encountered by B cells. Immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of B cells recognize antigen (Peanut allergens) and get attached, which are then internalized and processed. Within B cells the fragments of antigens combine with HLA class 2 proteins.
Step 2
HLA class 2 with antigen fragments (peanut allergens) then display on the surface of B cells.
Step 3
Receptors on the surface of helper T cells recognizes the complex of HLA class 2 and antigen fragments (peanut allergen) and is activated to produce cytokines, which activate the B cells.
Step 4
B cell is activated by cytokines and begins clonal expansion. Some of the progeny become anti-body producing plasma cells while other become memory B cells.
The stage is the last stage of speciation The populations become adapted to different environments and eventually become so different that they cannot interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
Speciation is split into 3 stages:
a) Separation.
b) Adaptation.
c) Reproductive Isolation.
Stage 1 Separation
- A part of the populace separates and adapts to a brand new environment. Natural occasions along with tsunamis, tidal waves can reason organisms to split from their preliminary habitat to a brand new environment.
Stage 2: Adaptation.
- At this stage, the organisms evolve new trends that permit them to a brand new environment. They own sure traits that permit them to match into the brand new environment. Example The notable white skin's color makes it tough for it to be visible withinside the dark.
Stage 3: Reproductive Isolation.
- At this stage, organisms of the equal species reunite and do now no longer interbreed. e, species are remoted into new ones in order that they have the great diversifications for or her new habitat.
<h3>What is speciation?</h3>
Speciation is an evolutionary method where the new species arises from previous ones.
Hence concluded that speciation involves the stage where the populations become adapted to different environments and eventually become so different that they cannot interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
To learn more about speciation refer to the link :
brainly.com/question/1963978
Answer:
4) Replacement of GDP by GTP on the Ga after interaction with an activated GPCR.
5) Conformational change in the Ga subunit causing a decreased affinity for the Gb g subunit.
2) Dissociation of Ga from the G protein complex.
6) Ga-subunit with its attached GTP activates an effector like adenylyl cyclase.
3) Production of a second messenger, like cAMP.
1) Activation of one or more cellular signaling proteins.
Explanation:
It is a signaling cascade initiated by G proteins. These G proteins function as molecular switches capable of activating signaling pathways in the presence of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is hydrolyzed in order to produce energy
Answer:
Night or Day
Explanation:
when the earth is tilted towards the sun it is day and when it's titled away it is night
