1. Interphase is an important and the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell prepares for division by coping its DNA. It is metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell grows, obtains nutrients and metabolizes them. There are three stages of interphase: G1 (the cell growth), S (replication of DNA, chromosomes are copied) and G2 (preparation for division). Without this phase, genetic material wouldn’t be ready for the process of meiosis and haploid gametes couldn’t be created.
2. Homologous chromosomes are the similar but not totally identical chromosome pairs that an organism receives from its two parents. During the prophase I of meiosis they pair up: each chromosome aligns with its homologue partner via link-chiasmata ( the two match up at corresponding positions). Those homologue pairs separate during a first stage of cell division (meiosis I-reduction of chromosomes number, from diploid to haploid), while sister chromatids separate during a second stage (meiosis II).
3. Crossing over is a process in which homologous chromosomes trade their parts. Crossing over is process of genetic recombination where DNA is cut and then repaired. Cut and repair of homologous chromosomes allow them to exchange some of their genetic information. As a consequence of crossing over, new arrangement of maternal and paternal alleles on the same chromosome is achieved. It is the way to create varations.
4. During the metaphase I, homologue pairs are lined up comparing to metaphase II where individual chromosomes are lined up. It is because during the meiosis I homologue pairs separate and chromosome number reduce from diploid to haploid. On the other hand, during the meiosis II, sister chromatids separate.
5. Nondisjunction is the consequence of cell division, where there is no properly separation. There are different forms of nondisjunction:
• failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I,
• failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II.
After nondisjunction, resulting daughter cells are with abnormal chromosome numbers -aneuploidy.
Answer:
the order would be:
Carnivorous animal -> scavenger animal ---> autonomous living organism ---> decomposing organisms.
Explanation:
The lion would be the carnivore, the bird that eats the waste of dead meat would be the scavenger, the vegetable the autonomous, since it does not require an external energy source to live but synthesizes its own energy and finally the decomposers fulfill the function to decompose chemical compounds to give energy to the earth, which would be useful for the growth of other living organisms. This is how the chain meets the cycle of life.
The expression of genes in an organism can be influenced by the environment, adding the external world in which the organism is or where it develops, as well as the organism's internal world, which includes such factors as its hormones and metabolism.
