It's C the missing side is 9 units long so since cosine is adjacent divided by hypotenuse it would be 9/41

Actually Welcome to the Concept of the Similarities.
Since here, first figure is a Triangle, hence similarity of a triangle is given by ratio of it sides and make them equate,
hence for,
1.) 16/12 = x/9 ===> 4/3 = x/9 ===> x = 9*4/3 ==> x = 36/3
hence the value of x is 12 , ===> x = 12 .
2.) here,in the case of a Reactangle the relation is such that, length = 2* breadth,
hence we apply the relation,
x = 2*4.5 ===> x = 9 units.
ln(x−7)==4/3
To solve for x, rewrite the equation using properties of logarithms.
e^ln(x−7) =e^4/3
Solve for x
x=e^4/3 + 7
The result can be shown in multiple forms.
Exact Form:
x= e^4/3+7
Decimal Form:
x=10.79366789
Multiply 7 by 0.08 and you get $0.56. $0.56 is the tax. For other tax questions just multiply the price and the sales tax as the decimal.
Jelly beans - $0.98 per pound
chocolate drops - $0.67 per pounds
Terri's bag = 2.1 pounds and $1.56
p = represents the pounds jelly beans.
c = represents the pounds in chocolate drops
p + c = 2.1
0.98p + 0.67c = 1.56
c = 2.1 - p ; number of pounds of chocolate drops
0.98p + 0.67(2.1 - p) = 1.56
0.98p + 1.41 - 0.67p = 1.56
0.98p - 0.67p = 1.56 - 1.41
0.31p = 0.15
p = 0.15/0.31
p = 0.48 pounds of jelly beans
c = 2.1 - 0.48
c = 1.62 pounds of chocolate drops.