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Both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell are the sites where protein synthesis takes place. A DNA template is used to create RNA in the nucleus. The translation is then carried out by this RNA in the cytoplasm.
Transcription and translation are the two processes that make up protein synthesis. A segment of DNA called a gene, which codes for a protein, is transformed into a template molecule called messenger RNA during transcription (mRNA). In the cell's nucleus, enzymes referred to as RNA polymerases perform this conversion. [2] Eukaryotes make this mRNA prematurely at first (pre-mRNA), which then goes through post-transcriptional changes to produce mature mRNA.
Nuclear pores allow the mature mRNA to be evacuated from the cell nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm, where translation can take place. Ribosomes read the mRNA during translation, using its nucleotide sequence to infer the order of the amino acids. To create a polypeptide chain from the encoded amino acids, the ribosomes catalyse the production of covalent peptide bonds. After translation, the polypeptide chain needs to fold in order to create a functioning protein. For instance, for an enzyme to work properly, the polypeptide chain needs to fold properly in order to create a functional active site. The polypeptide chain initially forms a series of smaller underlying structures termed secondary structures before it can assume a useful three-dimensional (3D) shape.
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While selecting a venipuncture site for an adult client, in case if the student places the tourniquet on the upper arm for more than one minute then the nurse would have to intervene.
A tourniquet refers to a compressing or constricting apparatus used to monitor the flow of venous and arterial blood to a part of an extremity for a duration of time. The tourniquet should not be utilized for more than one minute, as this permits for blood stasis, which can result in clotting and may also lead to prolonged discomfort for the client.
During metaphase, the cell's chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell through a type of cellular "tug of war." The chromosomes, which have been replicated and remain joined at a central point called the centromere, are called sister chromatids.
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