Chromosomes are systemized structures of proteins and DNA. It have a string like shape, mainly located within the nucleus of both plant and animal cells. DNA is concentrated in the chromosomes. In 1902, Sutton and Boveri proposed that chromosomes has a part in heredity opposing Mendel's theory of segregation and independent assortment.
One major function of the chromosome is to keep the DNA from being altered or negatively influenced during cell division. It ensures accurate distribution of the DNA during the breaking down of genetic material. In mitosis, the chromosomes are duplicated and dispersed to daughter cells so that each cell attains a diploid set of chromosomes totally of the same nature to that of its parent cell. In meiosis, the resultant cells would attain a chromosome from each chromosome pair this will lead to half the number of chromosomes. This process is important for the offspring being produced to have the same characteristics of the parents which would results from the fusion of the sperm and egg of the parents.
Chromosomes is a microscopic,organized structure of sequence of protein and DNA located in the Nucleus of Cells of all living organisms.it exists as single DNA structure coiled in form, with specific sequnce of Amino Acids called GENES; some REGULATORY ELEMENTS;(region of non coding DNA which regulate transcriptions of neighboring genes example Cis-regulatory elements.)NUECLOTIDE SEQUNCE and ;DNA BOUNDING PROTEINS e.g transcription factors :Nucleases,polymerase for cleaving DNA molecules and Histones for
Chromosomes packaging and transcription.
FUNCTIONS
Chromosomes are carrier of genetic information from one generation to another. from parents to offisprings During cell division(mitosis and meisos):the DNA in iinduvidual parent cells are coiled up and bounded as chromatin by binding to histones complexes form chromosomes .This is genetic information transferd from the parents to daughter cells during ferlizationThus chromosomes is the genetic information carrier .
Thus in literal sense the chromosomes is the ENVELOPE AND LETTER OR MESSAGE INSIDE IS THE DNA.
