<span>The nurse is administering 3.0% saline solution to a patient with severe hyponatremia. It is most important for the nurse to observe for what?
<span>- To avoid pulmonary edema.</span></span>
Answer:
An 81-year-old male who has a productive cough, dyspnea and hypoxia
Explanation:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the obstruction of airflow through the lungs usually caused by cigarette smoke or other harmful compounds. The disease appears after a persistent bronchitis or pulmonary emphysema. It causes a permanent state of inflammation in the lungs and it destroys the alveoli (structures that promote gas exchange in the organ).
The condition is dangerous because, in addition to the potential to stop breathing once and for all, it decreases the circulation of oxygen in the blood and triggers inflammatory substances throughout the body. The risk of heart attack and stroke get even higher. Patients may also suffer from muscle weakness, impaired thinking, and even more depression. Despite of being frequently associated with smoking, about one third of those with COPD never smoked.
The symptons usually are: productive cough
, throat clearing
, shortness of breath and fatigue and excessive phlegm. Dyspnea is progressive, persistent, stress-related or worsening in the presence of respiratory infection eventually arises at the time the patient.
