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ratelena [41]
3 years ago
13

Prompt

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
madam [21]3 years ago
3 0

Have you ever tried to learn a new language or do you have friends who've had that experience?

Yes, I tried to learn Python and I even managed to do two Discord bots which are (somewhat) functional, but I'm far to say that I've managed to lean the language completly. There are lots of things to learn on a language as Python.

I also leant PHP on my own and managed to do a website (somehow) functional.

What are some of the  steps you would take to learn a new language, and what are some challenges that might arise?

The first steps in learning any computer language is learning the syntax. If you manage to do that, with the experience you gained from previous projects/languages you might be able to create something working. At times you might feel down if the project doesn't work as expected.

What are some things that  can help make the process easier?

Video tutorials, experiments and searching questions and problems on Google is a very important resource.

You might be interested in
A=1/2h(a+b) solve for h
devlian [24]

A=1/2h(a+b)

1/2 can be said as 0.5

so

A=0.5h(a+b)

0.5h is being multiplied with (a+b), taking this expression of left hand side gives

A/0.5(a+b)=h

OR

h=A/0.5(a+b)

This is the final answer

8 0
3 years ago
In class, we discussed static local variables in C. Answereach question below; if necessary, find and consult a reference on the
alexira [117]

Answer:

(a) scope: function, lifetime: duration of the function

(b) scope: function, lifetime: duration of the program

(c) scope: global (all modules),  lifetime: duration of the program

(d) scope: module (file), lifetime: duration of the program

6 0
3 years ago
The staff of the ___________________ will need to enter, maintain, and retrieve data from electronic health records within a hos
Fiesta28 [93]
THe staff of the medical office will need to enter, maintain and retrieve data from electronic health records within a hospital. EHR is the term used which means electronic health records that recorded all the health data of the hospitals.
5 0
3 years ago
Why are coders using encoder software? What are their advantages and disadvantages? And when might a coder need to use the codin
IrinaVladis [17]
<span>Coders using encoder software:
To enhance their productivity</span><span>
Speed and Efficiency
</span><span>Accuracy and consistency
</span>
Encoding is done to reduce the number of bit to be transmitted and save bandwidth .can be fairly complex and contain some delicate parts. This makes them less tolerant of mechanical abuse and restricts their allowable temperature.

<span>including increased productivity, accuracy, and efficiency in coding and the consistent application of coding rules. However, there is a cost to the software, but savings can be seen in other areas.</span>

7 0
3 years ago
One of the earlier applications of crypto-graphic hash functions was the storage of passwords to authenticate usersin computer s
vagabundo [1.1K]

Answer: provided in the explanation part.

Explanation:

This is actually quite long but nevertheless i will make it as basic as possible.

Question (a)  

Attack A:

One way property of hash means that we can't find the input string if given the hash value. The calculation of hash from input string is possible but it is not possible to calculate the input string when given the hash. If the hash function is properly created to have one-way property then there is no way of finding the exact input string. So this attack won't work as the one-way property of hash function can't be broken if the hash function is properly created.

Attack B:

Suppose h() is the hash function. And h(x) = m where x is the string and m is the hash. Then trying to find another string y such that h(y) = m is called finding out the second pre-image of the hash.

Although we can't know the exact initial string for sure, we can by using brute force method find out a second preimage.

This attack will take a very long time. It has the time complexity of 2n. It requires the attacker to have an idea about the kind of passwords that might be used and then brute force all of them to find the string that has the same hash. Each try will have a chance of 1/2n to succeed.

Rainbow attack using rainbow table is often used for such brute-force attack. This comprises a rainbow table which contains passwords and their pre-hashed values.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the second preimages of h so easily.

Attack C:

Collisions refer to finding out m and m' without knowing any of them. Finding out collisions is easier than finding preimages. This is because after finding out 2n pairs of input/output. The probability of two of them having the same output or hash becomes very high. The disadvantage is that we can't decide which user's hash to break. However, if I do not care about a particular user but want to get as many passwords as possible, then this method is the most feasible.

It has the time complexity of 2n/2.

Hence, this is the attack which has the most success rate in this scenario.

Question (b)

The brute force way of finding out the password usually involves using a rainbow attack. It comprises a rainbow table with millions of passwords and their hashes already computed. By matching that table against the database, the password can be recovered.

Therefore it is often preferred to salt the password. It means we add some random text to the password before calculating the hash.

The salts are usually long strings. Although users usually do not select long passwords, so a rainbow table with hashes of smaller passwords is feasible. But once salt is used, the rainbow table must accommodate for the salt also. This makes it difficult computationally. Although password might be found in the rainbow table. The salt can be anything and thus, make brute-force a LOT more difficult computationally.

Therefore salt is preferred to be added to passwords before computing their hash value.

Question (c)

A hash output length of 80 means there can be exactly 280 different hash values. This means there is at least one collision if 280+1 random strings are hashed because 280 values are used to accommodate all the possible strings. It is not hard with today's computation power to do match against more than this many strings. And doing so increases the probability of exposing a probable password of a user.

Hence, 80 is not a very secure value for the hash length.

cheers i hope this helps!!!!

6 0
4 years ago
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