<span>In all eusocial species, sterile workers assist fertile relatives with whom they share genes.
Any colonial creature species that lives in multigenerational family bunches in which by far most of them participate to help moderately few (or even a solitary) reproductive group members are Eusocial species.
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If not the Darwinism is a theory of Biloxi all evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin and others stating that all species of organism arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive and reproduce
Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
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Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
ALL options are as follows -
a. teosinte and maize can produce fertile hybrids.
b. teosinte and maize have similar chromosomes.
c. Both Teosinte and maize have naked, soft kernel.
d. Teosinte and maize can produce fertile hybrids
Solution
Beadle started working on maize genetics since 1962 after joining graduate school at Cornell University.
During his research he found that the chromosomes of teosinte and maize possess higher similarity and also show signs of intercross ability of the two species and hence confirmed that wild teosinte is an ancestor of domesticated maize.
He later concluded that there are only 4 to 5 genes that make these two species different from each other rest all is similar.
Option B is correct
1. Treatable by a medical professional
2. Requires a medical diagnosis
<span>3. Lab tests or imaging always required
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Helpingothers
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