Answer:
Pavlov's theory of stimulus substitution is the combination of several techniques that are called the spectrum of the umbrella in classical conditioning. It occurs with the pairing with the new stimulus to the already conditioned stimulus. When this procedure occurs new stimulus paired with the conditioned stimulus, there are chances of replacing already conditioned stimulus with a new stimulus.
We can take an example of a rat that is to be conditioned to respond to a whistle which related to fed then can add a flashlight as a signal with a whistle. When light is there then rat fed. The light signal is then substituted part of the whistle.
Of all the urbanized people of the Americas, the Incas were the most brilliant engineers. The correct option among all the options given in the question is option "b". The most important creation by the Incas was the roadways. Some of the roads had a length of the entire South American Pacific coast. To build cush brilliant roadways in mountainous regions required remarkable engineering skills.
Answer:
People's participation in election is usually measured by voter turnout figures. Turnout indicates the per cent of eligible voters who actually cast their vote. Over the last fifty years in India the turnout has either remained stable or actually gone up.
