Answer:
The Biosphere
Explanation:
The biosphere is made up of all living organisms and is inextricably linked to the other three spheres: most live organisms need gases from the atmosphere, water from the hydrosphere, and nutrients and minerals from the geosphere.
Answer:
cAMP dependent pathway is important for processing of life.
Explanation:
cAMP pathway is also called as adenynyl cyclase pathway.
This mechanism requires different steps like-
- G protein coupled receptor is a integral protein that is activated by different external stimuli which binds with the specific ligand.
- Extracellular ligand causes activation of GPCR which in turn is responsible for conformational change in the receptor and allows it to bind with the intracellular heterotrimeric G protein complex.
- The Gα stimulate G protein complex to exchange GDP for GTP and then the complex is released.
- Activated Gα binds with adenylate cyclase and catalyzes ATP to form cyclic AMP.
- Activation of cAMP leads to the activation of nucleotide gated ion channel, and PKa(Protein kinase A) which is also called as cAMP dependent enzyme.
- Once, PKA is activated,it causes phospholylation of other proteins like AMPA receptor,transcription factors which regulate gene expression, and convert glycogen into glucose.
It is called a gene, so the answer is b. gene
Eggs, fish ,polar bears,voles , rodents and <span>carrion
hope that helped my friend =D</span>
