According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, an individual's assessment of whether one's coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stressor is called the secondary appraisal. This threat determines what the person will do, and involves their perception of their options and resources.
Answer: The distinguishing characteristic of a constituent assembly is that it is established to make a constitution, or at least that this is its primary role. The constituent assembly is still the most common mode of making a constitution.
Because this factor normally varies, the most important variable that influences the diffusion of respiratory gases is the concentration gradient. The air in the lungs has a higher concentration of oxygen than that of oxygen-depleted blood and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide. This concentration gradient allows for gas exchange during respiration.
Gas exchange during respiration occurs primarily through diffusion. Diffusion is a process in which transport is driven by a concentration gradient. Gas molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of low concentration. Blood that is low in oxygen concentration and high in carbon dioxide concentration undergoes gas exchange with air in the lungs.
Ventilation maintains concentration gradients of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and blood flowing in adjacent capillaries.
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