An atom has 10 protons and 10 electrons. What happens to the charge if you add 1 more electron
1 answer:
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Answer:
See explanation and images attached
Explanation:
a) In the mechanism for the acid catalysed esterification of propanoic acid using ethanol, we can see that the first step is the protonation of the acid followed by nucleophillic attack of the alcohol. Loss of water and consequent deprotonation regenerates the acid catalyst. We can see the fate of the 18O labelled ethanol in the mechanism shown.
b) In the second mechanism, an unnamed ester is hydrolysed using an acid catalyst. The attack of the acid and subsequent nucleophillic attack of water labelled with 18O leads to the incorporation of this 18O into the product acid as shown in the mechanism attached to this answer.
Answer:
8740 joules are required to convert 20 grams of ice to liquid water.
Explanation:
The amount of heat required (), measured in joules, to convert ice at -50.0 ºC to liquid water at 0.0 ºC is the sum of sensible heat associated with ice and latent heat of fussion. That is:
(1)
Where:
- Mass, measured in grams.
- Specific heat of ice, measured in joules per gram-degree Celsius.
,
- Temperature, measured in degrees Celsius.
- Latent heat of fussion, measured in joules per gram.
If we know that ,
,
,
and
, then the amount of heat is:
8740 joules are required to convert 20 grams of ice to liquid water.