Explanation:
Van der Waals interactions occur between any two or more molecules. They are caused by a fluctuation in electron density, as electrons are not actually fixed in a shell, but actually freely moving as a 'cloud of electron density'. This means that sometimes one end of a molecule can become more partially negatively charged as all electrons move to that side, and conversely it can attract the more partially positive end of a molecule (that has little electrons).
Hydrogen bonds only occur between molecules that contain oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Hydrogen bonding is also the strongest intermolecular force there is, but not strong in comparison to ionic and covalent bonds. Therefore, hydrogen bonds are much stronger than Van der Waals forces. Hydrogen bonds only form if oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine are bonded to a hydrogen atom, as they have the greatest electronegativity differences (look at an electronegativity table), and when the overall molecule is polar (have unequal charges). This allows the molecule to be able to attract another molecule from one of the bonded atoms to a hydrogen atom.
Answer:
Mg
Explanation:
Mg is above Al on the table meaning it is easier to oxidize.
Fe and Zn are below Al on the table showing they are not as reactive.
An investigation is conducted into how the mass of magnesium metal reacting with hydrochloric acid affects the amount of hydrogen gas produced.
Masses of 0.10g, 0.20g, 0.30g and 0.40g of powdered Mg metal are reacted with hydrochloric acid(HCl). The conical flask containing the reaction mixture of Mg and HCl is connected to another conical flask with a hose. The hydrogen gas produced by the reaction is collected in this conical flask. The greater the amount of hydrogen gas produced by the reaction the greater the pressure of the gas in the flask.
Answer:
A) what is the independent variable:
B) what is the dependent variable:
C) write a hypothesis for this investigation:
D) give 2 variables that should have been controlled for this investigation:
The balloon will burst if the volume of the balloon is less than 1.68 L since 8 g of sodium bicarbonate produces 1.68 L of carbon dioxide gas.
<h3>What is the volume of carbin dioxude produced from the chemical reaction between sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and vinegar?</h3>
The volume of carbon dioxide produced is obtained from the equation below:
1 mole of sodium bicarbonate reacts with one mole of acetic acid in vinegar to produce 1 mole of carbon dioxide.
The volume of 1 mole of carbon dioxide is 22.4 L
Moles of sodium bicarbonate in 8 g = mass/molar mass
molar mass of sodium bicarbonate = 106 g
moles of sodium bicarbonate = 8/106 = 0.075 moles
Moles of carbon dioxide produced = 0.075 moles
Volume of carbon dioxide = 0.075 × 22.4 = 1.68 L
Therefore, the balloon will burst if the volume of the balloon is less than 1.68 L.
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The vapour pressure of water at 61°C is 1.28x10⁻³
Vapour pressure of a pure compound is the pressure characteristic at any given temperature of a vapour in equilibrium with its liquid or solid form
Kp=P H 2O =0.0313.
But
K p=K c(RT)
Δn=K c
(RT) because Δn=1.
Substitute values,
0.0313=K c (0.0821×298)
K c =1.28×10 −3 .
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