- Russia briefly led a confederation of independent states and maintained some control of the region.
- Eastern European Economy, Economic Collapse, and Foreign Trade.
- Crime, Cultural Changes and Social Upheavals.
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'A corruption scheme in which several bidders conspire to split contracts, thereby ensuring that each gets a certain amount of work, is known as Bid pooling.
Bid pooling coordination is a fraudulent procurement auction method that results in uncompetitive bids and can be conducted by corrupt officials, companies in organized collusion, or between officials and companies. This form of collusion is illegal in most countries. This is a form of pricing and market sharing that often occurs when contracts are determined by tender, such as government construction contracts.
The typical purpose of a bid adjustment is to allow the "winner" to win the order at a non-competitive price. Other parties are compensated in various ways. By cash payment, or by agreement to be named the "winning" bidder in another contract, or to award a portion of the winning bidder's contract to them.
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She was born on December 22, 1993, which means that she is 21 years old.
She was born in Nantucket, MA (Massachusetts).
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power sources, and new ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient.
<u>Key features of the Industrial Revolution</u>
- Population shift – moving from rural agriculture to work in factories in cities.
- Mass production of goods, increased efficiency, reduced average costs and enabled more to be produced.
- The rise of steam power, e.g. steam trains, railways and steam-powered machines.
Answer:
Tax cuts boost demand by increasing disposable income and by encouraging businesses to hire and invest more.
Tax increases do the reverse. These demand effects can be substantial when the economy is weak but smaller when it is operating near capacity.
Explanation:
How do taxes affect the economy in the long run? High marginal tax rates can discourage work, saving, investment, and innovation, while specific tax preferences can affect the allocation of economic resources. But tax cuts can also slow long-run economic growth by increasing deficits
