<span>the oldest form of biotechnology is : selective breeding
biotechnology included all kind of efforts that we use to obtain a desired genetic result from the reproduction of a certain organism.
In the early years of biotechnology, we still hasn't developed a way to do genetic manipulation, so we do selective breeding to obtain our desired result</span>
Answer:
Crossing over increases the genetic variation
Errors in crossover formation result in chromosomal rearrangements (duplications and deletions) and may also cause chromosome nondisjunction
Explanation:
Crossing over, also known as recombination, refers to the exchange of genetic material (DNA) between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Crossing over increases the genetic variation of the resulting gametes, allowing different genetic combinations to be passed from parents to offspring. Unequal crossing over is a type of error associated with chromosomal duplication and/or deletion events. Unequal crossing over occurs when homologous sequences are not paired precisely. Moreover, errors in crossing over may also cause chromosome nondisjunction, thereby leading to aneuploidies.
<span>Tight junctions, at the site of a tight junction, cells are held tightly against each other by many individual groups of tight junction proteins called claudins, each of which interacts with a partner group on the opposite cell membrane. For example, the tight junctions between the epithelial cells lining your bladder prevent urine from leaking out into the extracellular space.</span>
Answer:
For involuntary actions (reflexes) the information is first detected in the sensor and travels along sensory neurons to the spinal cord. Once the action potential reaches the spinal cord, the information is transmitted across the synapse to the motor neuron. for voluntary actions,
movements are commanded by the motor cortex, the zone of the cerebrum located behind the frontal lobe. The motor cortex sends a neural message that moves through the brain stem along the spinal cord and into the neural network to the muscle being commanded.
Answer: Kidney
Explanation:
Kidney is a structure that is located toward the dorsal side of the body, lateral and superior to the hamstring but inferior to the heart.
The kidneys are a pair of bean shaped organs that are located at the downward part of the rib cage. The body of humans consists of two kidneys one kidney on each side of the spine and they're responsible for the filtering of excess water, waste products, and other impurities out of the human body.
