Answer: sporophyte, gametophyte, alternation of generation
Explanation:
Alternation of generation is a kind of life cycle seen in plants and algae in which the diploid asexual and haploid sexual stages exist. A sporophyte is multicellular and diploid which is an asexual stage. It produces the haploid spores through meiosis. The haploid spores germinate to produce haploid gametophyte. The gametophyte produces gametes by the process of mitosis.
Gaseous exchange is fundamental in aerobic organisms because oxygen is required to carry out cellular respiration.
<h3>What is cellular respiration?</h3>
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions by which aerobic organisms interchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with their surrounding environment.
During cellular respiration, oxygen is consumed to generate ATP and carbon dioxide is released.
In conclusion, gaseous exchange is fundamental in aerobic organisms because oxygen is required to carry out cellular respiration.
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The large number of areas covered by the chemical energetics can be explained by the different forms in which chemical energy can be released: heat and combustion work, electrical energy in electrochemistry, radiant energy in chemiluminescent systems.
The chemical energy provided by a reaction reflects the energy balance associated with the electronic modifications suffered by the species involved.
From an energy point of view, a chemical reaction between molecules can be schematized in two stages. The first requires a supply of energy and corresponds to the rupture of the bonds of the reactant molecules with release of the atoms which constitute them.
The second releases energy and concerns the creation, by recombination of these atoms, of new bonds entering the structure of the reaction molecules.
As a general rule, the energy released in the second stage is greater than the first. We are talking about exothermic reaction. The difference between these two energies (reaction enthalpy) measures the amount of chemical energy transferred to the external environment.
It is conceivable that this quantity translates, not only the number, but also the strength of the connections involved.
Question:
<em>The diagram shows the potential energy changes for a reaction pathway.</em>
Part 1: Does the diagram illustrate an endothermic or an exothermic reaction? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Part 2: Describe how you can determine the total change in enthalpy and activation energy from the diagram and if each is positive or negative.
Answer:
Part 1: The diagram illustrates an endothermic reaction as the products has a higher potential energy than the reactants do. There is a positive slope of the diagram and there is enough energy to meet the activation energy requirement.
Part 2: You can determine the total change in enthalpy and activation energy from the diagram by the potential energy of the reactants. If the reactants have a high potential energy, then the enthalpy is also high, and if the reactants have a low potential energy, then the enthalpy is low. You can determine if the diagram is positive or negative by knowing if its an endothermic or exothermic reaction. An endothermic reaction is positive because the products are higher than the reactants and a exothermic reaction is negative because the reactants are higher than the products.
