Transformation is a process in which bacteria take up new DNA released by dead cells and integrate it into their own genomes (se
e Chapter 9). In Streptococcus pneumoniae (which causes many cases of pneumonia, inner-ear infections, and meningitis), the ability to carry out transformation requires from 105 to 124 genes, collectively termed the com regulon. The com regulon is activated in response to a protein called competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), which is produced by the bacteria and exported into the surrounding medium. When enough CSP accumulates, it attaches to a receptor on the bacterial cell membrane, which then activates a regulator protein that stimulates the transcription of genes within the com regulon and sets in motion a series of reactions that ultimately result in transformation. Does the com regulon in S. pneumoniae exhibit positive or negative control
Increased levels of CSP induce the receptor to stimulate transcriptional activator functions, which allow gene expression to occur similar to what happens in positive inducible.
It will cause vasodilation of blood vessels in the brain.
CO2 is one of the metabolic end products that can alter the
tone of the blood vessels in the brain. High CO2 levels cause vasodilation,
which may cause headache, whereas low CO2 levels cause vasoconstriction, which
may cause lightheadedness. The statements included in the other options are
incorrect effects.
