Answer:
Explanation:
The switch from glutamic acid to valine in position 6 of hemoglobin (HB) forms the basis of sickle cell anemia disease pathology.
Valine is hydrophobic and it's chain is shorter than glutamic acid. The lack of the carboxylic acid and shortness of valine will result in loss of the ionic interactions formed between the glutamic acid's carboxylic group and other amino acids. A hydrophobic cavity will form in the beta sheet of HB due to the short and hydrophobic structure of valine. For these reasons, the HB molecule will be less stable and insoluble in water. The insolubility is thought to be caused by fibril formation between the valine interacting with hydrophobic pocket residues of the adjacent HB molecule. This would in turn affect binding of oxygen to HB.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the production of ATP through the conversion of energy from sunlight using chlorophyll.
Chlorophyl is found in plants, and plants use sunlight to make energy.
That energy is in the form of ATP.
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These dark areas are called maria. They are thought to be formed by volcanic eruptions in the moon's history.hope this helped:)
