Answer:
Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides which are synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the lagging strand during DNA replication.
Explanation:
In human gene therapy, a genetically modified virus (a.k.a. a viral vector) can alter the genetic variation of a cell, but not all viral vectors do.
The process often begins with the delivery of or creation of a segment of viral double stranded DNA (containing the gene you want to introduce). Then typically an enzyme known as an integrase cuts the ends of the segment of viral DNA and also cuts open the cell's DNA. Then the viral DNA is integrated/ inserted into the cell's DNA. The connecting ends are ligated together and adjusted so that the nucleotide base pairs match up.
This in the future may affect the gene pool for instance if the viral DNA (your gene) was inserted in the middle of another gene or important regulatory sequence of the cell DNA, and this alteration may be passed on into offspring and become present in the gene pool, which could have bad effects.
The effects on the gene pool really depends on what the virus ends up doing. For example, it may fix the function of a damaged gene which is the goal, and allow for a working gene to be in the gene pool, which would be good. The problem with gene therapy is that it's difficult to predict 100% what the virus will do every time it is given to a patient.
But it's very important to consider that it will only affect the gene pool if the virus is able to enter and alter germ cells (reproductive cells). If the virus, enters somatic cells (regular body cells) this will not be passed on to future generations. So viruses can be designed to avoid germ cells and avoid this gene pool issue. Also, some viral vectors use viruses that do not integrate their DNA, the cells just express the viral DNA (create the desired protein from it) and over time the viral DNA is degraded/ lost which wouldn't pose this threat.
This is long, but I hope it helped!
Homologous chromosome pairs are separated
Meiosis 1 refers to the initial stage of meiosis where one parent cell divides into two daughter cells. This stage is where homologous pairs of chromosomes will segregate and separate from each other and move into the two daughter cells which result in the division of the total chromosomal number by half.
<h3>What happens during Meiosis 1 ?</h3>
Meiosis I ends when the chromosomes of each homologous pair arrive at opposing poles of the cell.
- The microtubules disintegrate, and a new nuclear membrane forms around each haploid set of chromosomes.
- The chromosomes uncoil, forming chromatin again, and cytokinesis occurs, forming two non-identical daughter cells.
Learn more about Meiosis here:
brainly.com/question/8253366
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Answer:
0.8
Explanation:
There is a population where the frequencies of allele 1 and allele 2 are 0.7 and 0.3, respectively
Let's use GG to represent allele 1
Let's use gg to represent allele 2
So we can equally say that;
GG = p = 0.7
gg = q = 0.3 ( from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium)
So, given that the selection coefficient = 0.2
We known that the cross between GG and gg will definitely results to (GG,Gg and gg)
Then the fitness of these genes can be represented as:
1 - s, 1 and 1 - t respectively.
Thus. the allele 1's genotype fitness can be determined as
= 1 - s ( where s is the selection coefficient)
= 1 - 0.2
= 0.8
The Anti-diuretic Hormone helps to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels. Its most important role is to conserve the fluid volume of your body by reducing the amount of water passed out in the urine. And so in times of dehydration it could help your body save more water. I think the statement is correct.
