Answer:
1. tHe old patient is expressing his pain of 9 on a pain scale of 0 to 10 indicates very severe pain which means the patient requires a fast-acting medication. In such a case, an Injection by the intravenous route is the best route of administration as it is directly administered in blood stream to relieve or control pain at the earliest
2. The dosage adjustment has to be done based on the renal function of the patient. The initial dose can be loading doses then the gradual tapering of the doses administered and then stopping the medication.
3. BIn older ages the renal functions are compromised normally due to physiological processes and if the patient has any medical complaints or is on any medications it makes it more decreased. The decreased renal function can cause the accumulation of the drug in the body and causing discomfort. So it has to be calculated on the basis of glomerular filtration rate.
