The birth outcomes to emerge as significant correlates of co-use of Cannabis and tobacco cigarettes were small head circumference, and the occurrence of birth defects i.e. teratogenicity.
<h3>What is teratogenicity?</h3>
- Teratogenicity is the ability of a drug or chemical to cause fetal abnormalities or deformities.
- The drugs, chemicals, or even infections causing teratogenicity in fetus are called teratogens.
- Common teratogens includes some medications, recreational drugs, tobacco products, chemicals, alcohol, certain infections, and in some cases, uncontrolled health problems in the birthing parents.
- Teratogens are most harmful early in pregnancy, starting about 10 to 14 days after conception to about 8 weeks into pregnancy.
- Teratogens can cause neural tube defects such as spina bifida. Some organs are sensitive to teratogens during the whole pregnancy. This includes the brain and spinal cord of baby.
- Alcohol affects the brain and spinal cord, so it can cause harm at any time during pregnancy.
- To prevent teratogenicity avoid use of chemicals that may harm child like pesticides, fungicides, rodenticides or harsh cleaning products.
- Avoid smoking, and alcohol consumption to prevent teratogenicity.
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Gastric, Testing the pH of a stomach aspirate to a value of 5.5 is the first-line diagnostic to assure correct nasogastric tube insertion and reduce the danger of potentially fatal aspiration.
Adult patients who had bronchoscopy or gastroscopy and had two (one fresh and one frozen) bronchial and esophageal samples or two bronchial and salivary samples each were included in this prospective observational study.
Kappa (k) statistics were used to determine the level of observer agreement for the pH of fresh and frozen samples. To distinguish between gastric and non-gastric aspirates, the sensitivities and specificities at pH 5.5 and the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve at various pH cut-offs were computed.97 individuals underwent a gastroscopy, and 106 underwent a bronchoscopy. In 57/92 (62%) of the paired fresh and frozen stomach samples, there was total agreement between the observers (k=0.496, 95% CI 0.364 to 0.627).
The specificity of a pH 5.5 was 79% (95% CI 74 to 84), while the sensitivity of a pH 5.5 to accurately identify stomach samples was 68% (95% CI 57 to 77). Regardless of whether patients were using antacids or not, the overall accuracy to correctly categorize samples was between 76% and 77%. At various pH cut-offs, the ROC curve's area under the curve was 0.74.
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Answer:
For example, an atom with 6 of 8 electrons in its outer shell will try to gain 2 electrons so its outer shell is full. Ionic bonding occurs when one element donates an electron (or electrons) to another so that both elements will have a full outer shell. As the attractions bring the atoms together, electrons from each atom are attracted to the nucleus of both atoms, which “share” the electrons. The sharing of electrons between atoms is called a covalent bond, which holds the atoms together as a molecule.
Explanation:
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Based on the role of soluble fibres, soluble fiber improves heart health by binding to cholesterol in the GI tract, allowing for their elimination in bowel movements.
<h3>What are soluble fibres?</h3>
Soluble fibres are indigestible fibres found in plants materials which are soluble in water and which aids in digestion of food.
Soluble fibres include pectin and gums.
Soluble fiber improves heart health by binding to cholesterol in the GI tract, allowing for their elimination in bowel movements.
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