The answer is <span>a. Each gene is at the same locus on both chromosomes.
Since e</span><span>ach gene is at the same locus on both chromosomes, they are able to pair correctly before they separate in meiosis. They never produce identical phenotypes. Also, the genes and alleles on the homologous chromosomes are not identical. </span>
This process is called autophagy.
Autophagy is an intracellular process of degradation, which includes the destruction of cytoplasmic components in the lysosomes. These components are considered unnecessary or dysfunctional and that is why they are recycled by the cell.
Autophagy has four sequential steps which are the sequestration, the transport of the components to the lysosome, the degradation, and the recycling and utilization of the degradation products.
Autophagy is considered as an adaptive response to stress by ensuring the survival of the cell and the tissue.
A is the answer. It’s like addition.