The correct option is D.
Neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory are expected to hyperpolarize the membrane.
At inhibitory synapses, release of neurotransmitters causes inhibitory postsynaptic potentials or IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization of the presynaptic membrane.
Actually, depolarization and hyperpolarization occurs on neuron when an ion channel in the membrane open or close which can alter the ability of certain types of ions which enter from or exit out of the cell.
Neurotransmitters which is inhibitory have inhibitory effects on the neuron as it means they can decrease the possibility that the neuron will tend to fire an action. Modulatory neurotransmitters can also affect various neurons at the same time which results in the influencing effects of other chemical messengers.
Inhibitory neurotransmitter somehow decreases the action potential of the neuron. When the action potential falls below a certain level which is called threshold potential, the neuron will not be able to generate action potentials and thereby unable to exit the nearest neurons.
So, neurotransmitters are in general expected to hyperpolarize the membrane in some extent.
Learn to know more about what an inhibitory neurotransmitter does on
brainly.com/question/16345146
#SPJ4
C they will adapt and eventually become a new species
Hutton: created the idea that a (water erosion basically)continuing process formed and destroyed the rocks and soils of the Earth and that the process was a never ending loop.
Hutton laid the conceptual foundation for uniformitarianism geology
Lyell: added names and ages to the different layers of rocks
Lyell built the structure of geology upon that foundation
Answer: Genetic drift may result in the loss of some alleles (including beneficial ones) and the fixation, or rise to 100% frequency, of other alleles.Once it begins, genetic drift will continue until the involved allele is either lost by a population or is the only allele present at a particular gene locus within a population. ... Genetic drift can result in the loss of rare alleles, and can decrease the size of the gene pool.
Explanation:
This produces several negative effects on the biodiversity of the river ecosystem.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The Susquehanna river is polluted by the excess release of nutrients like phosphorous and nitrogen from agricultural land and sewage treatment plants. This can adversely affect the health of the river. The excess of nutrients will accelerate the growth of algae in the river.
The dead algae that settle at the bottom of the river decay by consuming the oxygen present in the river. This will reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the river and affect aquatic life.
Thick algal growth partially prevents the penetration of sunlight into the water and this affects the growth of submerged plants which are food to the fish.
