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The purple color of potassium permanganate gradually spreads throughout the water in the jar by the process of diffusion.
- Diffusion is the process of movement of a substance from the region of higher concentration to the regions of lower concentration. Diffusion occurs in liquids as well as gases.
- Potassium permanganate is a purple color compound, when it is added in a jar of water it spreads throughout the water by the virtue of diffusion.
- The concentration of potassium permanganate is higher at one point and the other regions in the jar have its nil or low concentrations initially, this leads to the set up of a concentration gradient.
- As time passes diffusion occurs and the particles of potassium permanganate keep on migrating to the regions of low concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout the jar. Ultimately, it spread throughout the jar making the water purple.
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Answer:
Primary succession is one type of the ecological succession which takes place on the land devoid of vegetation or barren land.
The species which first flourishes on this barren land are known as pioneer species which includes the species of bryophytes and pteridophytes like lichens and mosses.
These lichens and mosses help breakdown the barren rocks through chemical leaching and help increase the nutrient content. This allows the ferns and small pteridophytes to grow.
Then the area is colonized by the intermediate species which includes herbs, shrubs later trees. These intermediate species help attract the animals and thus help establish the biological community.
Thus, Lichens mosses → herbs→ shrubs →trees.
On the islands of the Galapagos lives a group of birds called finches. There are 13 species in this group. These species have diverse ecologies--some eat seeds, some eat insects, some eat fruit, and some even eat cactus. Although the bodies of these species look fairly similar, their beaks are very different. That is because it is their beak that is adapted to these diverse ways of feeding (Figure 8.14).
