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3 years ago

In what ways do humans affect the different trophic levels in ecosystems on Earth?

Biology

2 answers:

Allushta [10]3 years ago

8 0

Answer:

Our results contrast with research conducted in protected areas that suggested human effects in the food web are primarily predator-mediated. Instead, human influence on vegetation may strengthen bottom-up predominance and weaken top-down trophic cascades in ecosystems.

Explanation:

Stella [2.4K]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

Humans are dominant consumers. They affect food webs through energy production and agriculture, pollution, habitat destruction, overfishing and hunting. Also their demands for food and shelter along with population growth, affecting soil and aquatic ecosystem.

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You are an almond grower and want to determine whether almond size (measured as shelled almond weight) is a heritable trait. A s

inn [45]

Answer: 1. S = 0.77

2. R = 0.14

Explanation:

1. Selection differential is the difference between the population mean and the average of the selected parents. Its symbol is S.

S = mean of selected parents - population mean

S = 6.48 - 5.71

S = 0.77

2. Response to Selection is how much gain you make when crossing over selected parents. Its symbol is R.

R = mean of offspring of selected parents - population mean

R = 5.85 - 5.71

R = 0.14

3. Heritability is, basically, a statistical variable that shows how much the variation in a trait is due to genetic factors. Its symbol is h².

To calculate it, use Breeder's Equation:

R = h²S

$h^{2}=\frac{R}{S}$

$h^{2}=\frac{0.14}{0.77}$

h² = 0.18

4. You would expect the production to be strongly influenced by environment, because heritability lies between 0 and 1. Low heritability means there is low level of resemblance between offspring and parents. As this program heritability is low, the resemblance is small, which means the characteristics are influenced mostly by the enviroment.

7 0

3 years ago

Consider a helminthic infection in which an individual is colonized by a parasitic worm. The worm is too big to be engulfed by a

Assoli18 [71]

Answer

The worm gets coated with antibodies, which activate other cells in the immune system to secrete chemicals that kill it.

Explanation:

Production of T-helper I cytokines like IFN gamma, IL-2 and IL-18 is highly protective against helminth infection by activating the macrophage intracellular killers. Protection against mucosal eosinophil responses in which antiparasitic chemicals are released. Killing also involves direct cytotoxic mechanisms in which T- cell and NK-cells directly release antiparasitic agents like perforin and granulysin which kill the parasite.

6 0

3 years ago

Some individuals have defective genes for LDL receptor receptors rendering them nonfunctional. Individuals with these mutations

deff fn [24]

Individuals with these mutations typically have familial hypercholesterolemia.
These genes provide information for the formation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, a receptor that binds to low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). LDLs carry the cholesterol in the blood and regulate the amount of cholesterol in the circulation. Mutations to these genes either reduce the number of receptors or cause several disruptions to their function. This results in high blood cholesterol levels and in a higher risk for heart disease.

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

What are the three main parts of an eukaryotic cell

Zarrin [17]

The three main parts of a eukaryotic cell is:

-the cell membrane
-the cytoplasm
-the nucleus

5 0

3 years ago

What are some of the ways that animals rely on plants?

love history [14]

Background. Plants and animals depend on one another for survival in all of Earth's many habitats. ...

Pollination. Pollination is necessary for plants to create new seeds. ...

Propagation. Another way that animals help plants is by dispersing their seeds to new territory. ...

Fertilization.

Hpe this helps :3

4 0

3 years ago