Our results contrast with research conducted in protected areas that suggested human effects in the food web are primarily predator-mediated. Instead, human influence on vegetation may strengthen bottom-up predominance and weaken top-down trophic cascades in ecosystems.
Humans are dominant consumers. They affect food webs through energy production and agriculture, pollution, habitat destruction, overfishing and hunting. Also their demands for food and shelter along with population growth, affecting soil and aquatic ecosystem.
I believe the correct answer to this question would be:
far beyond the reach of <u>sunlight</u>
Hydrothermal vents are usually located on the most bottom
part of the ocean. A hydrothermal is created when there is a fissure in the
planet’s surface underneath the ocean.
