Now that we have a background in the Lewis electron dot structure we can use it to locate the the valence electrons of the center atom. The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that electron pairs repel each other whether or not they are in bond pairs or in lone pairs. Thus, electron pairs will spread themselves as far from each other as possible to minimize repulsion. VSEPR focuses not only on electron pairs, but it also focus on electron groups as a whole. An electron group can be an electron pair, a lone pair, a single unpaired electron, a double bond or a triple bond on the center atom. Using the VSEPR theory, the electron bond pairs and lone pairs on the center atom will help us predict the shape of a molecule.
The shape of a molecule is determined by the location of the nuclei and its electrons. The electrons and the nuclei settle into positions that minimize repulsion and maximize attraction. Thus, the molecule's shape reflects its equilibrium state in which it has the lowest possible energy in the system. Although VSEPR theory predicts the distribution of the electrons, we have to take in consideration of the actual determinant of the molecular shape. We separate this into two categories, the electron-group geometry and the molecular geometry.
Answer:
a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.
Explanation:
Answer:
A. Interactions between the ions of sodium chloride (solute-solute interactions).
B. Interactions involving dipole-dipole attractions (solvent-solvent interactions).
C. Interactions formed during hydration (solute-solvent interactions).
D. Interactions involving ion-ion attractions (solute-solute interactions).
E. Interactions associated with an exothermic process during the dissolution of sodium chloride (solute-solvent interactions).
F. Interactions between the water molecules (solvent-solvent interactions).
G. Interactions formed between the sodium ions and the oxygen atoms of water molecules (solute-solvent interactions).
Explanation:
The solution process takes place in three distinct steps:
- Step 1 is the <u>separation of solvent molecules.
</u>
- Step 2 entails the <u>separation of solute molecules.</u>
These steps require energy input to break attractive intermolecular forces; therefore, <u>they are endothermic</u>.
- Step 3 refers to the <u>mixing of solvent and solute molecules.</u> This process can be <u>exothermic or endothermic</u>.
If the solute-solvent attraction is stronger than the solvent-solvent attraction and solute-solute attraction, the solution process is favorable, or exothermic (ΔHsoln < 0). If the solute-solvent interaction is weaker than the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions, then the solution process is endothermic (ΔHsoln > 0).
In the dissolution of sodium chloride, this process is exothermic.
Answer:
42686.04375
Explanation:
847.3219*34.6=2317.33774 multiply this by the next number 1.4560 to get 42686.04375
