Answer
The answer and procedures of the exercise are attached in the following archives.
Step-by-step explanation:
You will find the procedures, formulas or necessary explanations in the archive attached below. If you have any question ask and I will aclare your doubts kindly.
Instrumentality.
Since Rick believes that working hard will result in better incentives and his attitude towards these incentives is not known, we can say that in the context of expectancy theory of motivation, that this scenario best reflects the factor of <u>instrumentality</u>.
Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation attempts to explain that people choose to perform certain actions over other in a manner that aims to maximize pleasure and reduce pain to lowest possible extent.
There are three factors that affect motivation : expectancy, instrumentality and valence.
Expectancy : refers to the belief of working harder with the expectation of attaining the goals set within an organization.
Instrumentality : refers to the belief that one will be rewarded if certain goals are met. These rewards may take the form of increased wages, recognition, increased incentives etc.
Valence: refers to the value attached by the worker to the reward that has been attained.
Choose to do nothing about the problem is always a course of action.
Answer:
C. individuals
Explanation:
The law treats corporates organizations as legal citizens. It gives them commercial right to own property, enter into contracts, and incur debts. Corporates have tax obligations, just like individuals. They can sue and be sued.
The law considers a corporate as a separate entity from its owners. It distinguishes the assets and liabilities of the institutions as different from those of its founders. A corporate has an infinite life. The death of its shareholders does not automatically mean its termination.
An oligopoly is the limitation of competition. If you can keep competitors out of the marketplace, you have more of a chance to make a profit. If you are in a business with a very high capital outlay or you have an extremely well trained labor force that your competitors can't match then you have effectively created or have created for you a very high barrier. Hence an oligopoly.
