Answer:
3a4b-c
3(4)4(3)-10
12(12)-10
144-10
=134
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer: 1.2 10x ^3
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
y=1/3, x=4/9
y=8, 32/3
x=9, y=27/4
y=20, x=80/3
Step-by-step explanation:
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
What is unmeasured cofounding?
- By definition, an unmeasured confounder is a variable that is connected to both the exposed and the result and could explain the apparent observed link.
- The validity of interpretation in observational studies is threatened by unmeasured confounding. The use of negative control group to reduce unmeasured confounding has grown in acceptance and popularity in recent years.
Although they've been utilised mostly for bias detection, negative controls have a long history in laboratory sciences and epidemiology of ruling out non-causal causes. A pair of negative control exposure and outcome variables can be utilised to non-parametrically determine the average treatment effect (ATE) from observational data that is vulnerable to uncontrolled confounding, according to a recent study by Miao and colleagues.
Reliable causal inference based on observational studies is seriously threatened by unmeasured confounding.
Learn more about unmeasured confounding here:
brainly.com/question/10863424
#SPJ4
Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:
The equation of the line in Slope-Intercept form is:

Where "m" is the slope and "c" is the y-intercept.
By definition:
1. If the lines of the System of equations are parallel (whrn they have the same slope), the system has No solutions.
2. If the they are the same exact line, the System of equations has Infinite solutions.
(A) Let's solve for "y" from the first equation:

You can notice that:

In order make that the System has No solutions, the slopes must be the same, but the y-intercept must not. Then, the values of "a" and "b" can be:

Substituting those values into the second equation and solving for "y", you get:

You can idenfity that:

Therefore, they are parallel.
(B) In order make that the System has Infinite solutions, the slopes and the y-intercepts of both equations must be the same. Then, the values of "a" and "b" can be:

If you substitute those values into the second equation and then you solve for "y", you get:

You can identify that:

Therefore, they are the same line.