After my research the answer is that they are forms of electromagnetic radiation as far as I know.
Answer:
SARS- CoV- 2 is a virus that infects human by the oral-respiratory way in which the virus enters the body and these viruses have spikes on their surface made of spike proteins that allow these viruses to bind with the infected cell.
The infected cells have ACE2 receptor that is protein present on the surface of the human cells. Binding allows the structural change in the virus to fuse and enter in the cell where viruses reproduce them selves with the cell with cell system.
<span>The reaction
that takes place in the stroma is collectively known as the Calvin Cycle. The
stroma is responsible for the 2nd stage of photosynthesis where ATP
and NADPH are used to capture and reduce carbon dioxide in the plant cell.</span>
<span>
It is a fluid-like organelle that surrounds the grana within the
chloroplast in plant cells. The stroma is also responsible for storing
chloroplast DNA and chloroplast ribosomes where molecular processes like
replication and transcription/translation of chloroplast proteins occur.</span>
Answer and explanation;
The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of non-polar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and exclude water molecules. Hydrophobic interaction is mostly an entropic effect originating from the disruption of highly dynamic hydrogen bonds between molecules of liquid water by the non-polar solute.
Introduction of such a non-hydrogen bonding surface into water causes disruption of the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules.
Water dissolves molecules (proteins and nucleic acids) that display on their solvent-accessible surfaces groups that can h-bond [hydroxyl, carbonyl, ester groups; they're polar uncharged...also charged groups; protonated amines, carboxylates and phosphate ethers.
Molecules with internal h-bonds dissolve in water, some/all internal h-bonds may be in dynamic exchange with h-bonds in water
.
Polar nature of water contributes to ability to dissolve non-ionic polar organic molecules, such as phenols, esters, amides; have large dipole moments and interaction with water dipole promotes solubility in water.
B.The embryo attaches to the mother
