Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is defined as
being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new measure of pathological gambling. The measure has 15 questions, and it takes 20 minutes to complete. To test his measure, Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people in Gamblers Anonymous (GA) and another group of people in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). He finds that people in the GA group have higher scores on his new measure than people in the AA group. This procedure is known as a prediction paradigm. test-retest paradigm. group evaluation paradigm. known-groups paradigm.
Dr. Sheffield already knows the traits of each of the two groups - the gamblers and the alcoholics. What he is doing is establishing the validity of his measure by applying it to a group that has a certain trait - the gamblers - and to a group that does not have a certain trait - the alcoholics. This procedure is an example of known-groups paradigm. It is important to note that this type of procedure can also be applied to two groups that do possess the same trait, but with the purpose to verify which one will score higher on it.
He was critical of President Lyndon Johnson’s
administration. A staunch conservative,
he criticized Johnson’s leadership as lacking of direction. Johnson countered by saying that Goldwater’s
aggressive approach would lead to nuclear war.
He lost to Johnson in the 1964 elections.
